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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
An orally administered dose),13 generated by oxidation of its alcohol moiety to a carboxylic acid, is the second-generation antihistamine cetirizine.2 Hydroxyzine is likely broken down into several other metabolites, though specific structures and pathways have not been elucidated in humans.7Hover over products below to view reaction partnersRoute of eliminationApproximately 70% of hydroxyzine's active metabolite, cetirizine, is excreted unchanged in the urine.3 The precise extent of renal and fecal excretion in humans has not been determined.18Half-lifeThe half-life of hydroxyzine is reportedly 14-25 hours,2 and appears to be, on average, shorter in children (~7.1 hours) than in adults (~20 hours).6 Elimination half-life is prolonged in the elderly, averaging approximately 29 hours,3 and is likely to be similarly prolonged in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.15ClearanceClearance of hydroxyzine has been reported to be 31.1 ± 11.1 mL/min/kg in children and 9.8 ± 3.3 mL/min/kg in adults.6Adverse EffectsImprove decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.ToxicityThe oral LD50 is 840 mg/kg in rats and 400 mg/kg in mice.16 Overdose from hydroxyzine is most commonly characterized by hypersedation, but may also manifest as convulsions, stupor, nausea, and vomiting.18 In cases of overdose, consider the induction of vomiting and the use of gastric lavage. Other treatment should involve general symptomatic and supportive care. Hypotension may be controlled by intravenous fluids and pressors, and
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